Basal Cell Carcinoma

1. What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, developing from the basal cells in the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis). These cells are responsible for producing new skin cells as old ones die off.

BCC usually appears as a small bump or patch on sun-exposed areas like the face, neck, ears, and arms. Though it grows slowly, it can cause serious skin and tissue damage if untreated.

Severity

While BCC rarely spreads (metastasizes) to other organs, it can invade deeper tissues, including bones and nerves. Untreated cases may lead to disfigurement or functional loss in affected areas.

Historical Background

The first medical description of BCC dates back to the early 1800s, when doctors identified it as a form of “rodent ulcer.” Over time, medical research connected the disease to chronic sun exposure and DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Modern dermatology now recognizes it as a preventable and treatable cancer when detected early.

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2. Pre and Post Symptoms of BCC

Early (Pre) Symptoms:

• A small, shiny bump (pearly or waxy) on the skin

• Flat, flesh-colored, or brown scar-like lesion

• Small red or pink patches that don’t heal

• Itching or bleeding spots that return after healing

Advanced (Post) Symptoms:

• Ulcer-like open sores

• Raised edges with central crusting

• Pain, tenderness, or bleeding

• Visible blood vessels around the affected area

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3. How Basal Cell Carcinoma is Caused

BCC primarily results from long-term UV radiation exposure from the sun or tanning beds.

UV rays damage the DNA in basal cells, causing them to grow uncontrollably.

Other causes include:

• Genetic predisposition

• Fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes

• Exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals

• Chronic skin inflammation or burns

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4. Do Internal or External Factors Trigger BCC?

Yes, both play a role:

External Factors:

☀️ UV radiation

☣️ Arsenic exposure

🧴 Prolonged use of tanning beds

Internal Factors:

🧬 Genetic mutations (e.g., PTCH1 gene)

💉 Weak immune system

🧠 Hormonal imbalances due to age or medication

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5. How a Layman Can Identify BCC

Anyone can notice suspicious skin changes by self-checking:

• A pimple-like bump that doesn’t heal for weeks

• Lesions with rolled edges

• Crusty or bleeding spots

• New growths that look shiny or pink

If such signs appear, it’s important to consult a dermatologist immediately.

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6. Medical or Blood Tests for Diagnosis

There’s no specific blood test for BCC.

Doctors use these diagnostic methods:

• Skin biopsy: A small skin sample is examined under a microscope to confirm cancer cells.

• Dermatoscopy: A magnifying tool to examine skin lesions in detail.

• Imaging tests (CT/MRI): Used only if deeper invasion is suspected.

✅ Normal result: No abnormal cell growth under microscopic examination.

✅ Positive result: Presence of abnormal basal cells in the skin layer.

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7. Treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma

Treatment depends on the size, type, and location of cancer:

• Surgical excision: Removal of the cancerous lesion and surrounding tissue.

• Mohs surgery: Layer-by-layer removal for precision (best for face or neck).

• Cryotherapy: Freezing cancer cells using liquid nitrogen.

• Topical medications: 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod creams for small lesions.

• Radiation therapy: Used when surgery isn’t possible.

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8. Home & Natural Remedies (Supportive Only)

Natural methods can support healing, but not replace medical treatment:

🌿 Aloe vera: Soothes irritation and promotes healing.

🌿 Green tea extract: Contains antioxidants that protect skin cells.

🌿 Turmeric: Has anti-inflammatory properties.

💧 Stay hydrated: Helps cell repair and recovery.

(Always consult a doctor before using herbal remedies.)

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9. Diet During BCC

Recommended Foods:

• Fruits rich in antioxidants (berries, oranges, papaya)

• Leafy greens (spinach, kale)

• Omega-3 fatty acids (fish, flaxseeds)

• Whole grains and legumes

Foods to Avoid:

• Processed and fried foods

• Red meat in excess

• Sugary beverages

• Alcohol and tobacco

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10. Medicines Used in BCC Treatment

• Imiquimod (Aldara): Boosts immune response to kill cancer cells.

• 5-Fluorouracil (Efudex): Topical cream that destroys abnormal cells.

• Vismodegib (Erivedge) and Sonidegib (Odomzo): Targeted oral drugs for advanced BCC.

• Pain relief & antibiotics may be prescribed post-surgery.

• You should use medicines only under a doctor’s prescription and supervision.

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🩵 Final Note

Basal Cell Carcinoma is highly treatable when caught early.

Regular self-checks, sun protection, and dermatologist visits are key to preventing recurrence.